Corrosion Inhibition Behaviour of Enantia chlorantha Extract on Pipeline Steel Corrosion in Acidic System

The corrosion inhibition capacity of Enantia chlorantha bark (ECB) extract on the corrosion of pipeline steel in an acidic environment was studied using the gravimetric method. The result revealed that weight loss obviously increased with the rise in temperature though trend lines were not parallel. The results obtained from the evaluation showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the extract increased with extract concentrationattaining an efficiency of 89.02% with 2.5 g/L concentration at 30 ºC. The corrosion inhibition efficiency, however, decreased with increase in temperature, while the corrosion rate decreased. The significant achievement in this study was the ability of Enantia chlorantha extract to reduce the corrosion rate constant, increase its surface coverage with consequent longer material half-life in an acidic environment. Keywords: Inhibition efficiency, surface coverage, plant extract, weight loss, half-lif

東日本大震災後の環境中での放射能・放射線の推移

　Radioactivity of various kinds of natural samples and radiation dose rate were measured after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant accident for finding the contamination of radioactivity.　Just after the nuclear accident, short life nuclides with half life of several days were observed in samples such as the soils of several places in Japan, plants and filtrated air samples. The decrease of dose rate corresponded to the decay of these nuclides. It was found that radioactive nuclides were strongly adsorbed by fallen leaves and weathered leaves compared with living plant surface.　Systematical survey was carried out at Aobayama area of Miyagi University of Education in 2011 and 2014. It became clear that radioactivity and dose rate were varied from place to place due to natural environment and phenomena or perturbation of people\u27s activity. It was found that radiocesium stayed at the surface of soil, and not penetrated as the water soluble species，during these periods. As for surface soil samples, however, the results of the survey in 2014 made it plain that diffusion, transfer and accumulation of radiocesium have occurred. Radioactivity concentrations were less than physical one calculated from the result of 2011 and decay until 2014.　Similar survey was carried out at Sukagawa city in Fukushima prefecture

Effect of rate of application on degradation of imazethapyr in groundnut and soil under tropical Indian condition

Pesticides though formulated to be biologically degradable, few herbicides reported to cause surface and groundwater contamination which needs the monitoring of herbicide residues in environment continuously. Thus, to monitor the persistence and residues in crops, imazethapyr degradation studies were conducted in soil with groundnut cropping under Indian tropical condition. A groundnut field was treated with different doses of imazethapyr as early post emergence. Results showed that the degradation of imazethapyr in soil and groundnut plant followed first order reaction kinetics irrespective of the dose. The residue of imazethapyr persists in soil up to 60 days at higher rates of application while it persists up to 30 days in plant with the calculated half life of 2.8 to 7.4 days in soil and 5.1 to 5.9 days in plant. At the time of harvest, the residue of imazethapyr in soil, groundnut haulm or pods were below the detectable limit of 0.008 mg/kg across different doses of application. However, the continuous and inappropriate use in light textured soils may cause groundwater contamination and bioaccumulation in plant system. Hence, a pre harvest interval of 75 days must be allowed after the application of imazethapyr for the weed control in groundnut

A Review of the Aquatic Environmental Fate of Triclopyr and its Major Metabolites

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the aquatic environmental fate of triclopyr and its major metabolites, TCP and TMP. This review is primarily based on results of laboratory and field studies conducted by various Federal Agencies and the registrant to support the US aquatic registration for triclopyr TEA

Attenuation and Effectiveness of Triclopyr and 2,4-D Along Alaska Highway Rights-of-Way in a Continental and a Coastal Subarctic Environment

INE/AUTC 09.1

Carfentrazone-ethyl Pond Dissipation and Efficacy on Floating Plants

Carfentrazone-ethyl (CE) is a reduced risk herbicide that is currently being evaluated for the control of aquatic weeds. Greenhouse trials were conducted to determine efficacy of CE on water hyacinth ( Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms- Laub.), water lettuce ( Pistia stratiotes L.), salvinia ( Salvinia minima Baker) and landoltia (Landoltia punctata (G. Mey.) Les & D. J. Crawford ) . CE controlled water lettuce, water hyacinth and salvinia at rates less than the maximum proposed use rate of 224 g ha -1 . Water lettuce was the most susceptible to CE with an EC 90 of 26.9 and 33.0 g ha -1 in two separate trials. Water hyacinth EC 90 values were calculated to be 86.2 to 116.3 g ha -1 , and salvinia had a similar susceptibility to water hyacinth with an EC 90 of 79.1 g ha -1 . Landoltia was not adequately controlled at the rates evaluated. In addition, CE was applied to one-half of a 0.08 ha pond located in North Central, Florida to determine dissipation rates in water and hydrosoil when applied at an equivalent rate of 224 g ha -1 . The half-life of CE plus the primary metabolite, CE-chloropropionic acid, was calculated to be 83.0 h from the whole pond, and no residues were detected in water above the limit of quantification (5 μg L -1 ) 168 h after treatment. CE dissipated rapidly from the water column, did not occur in the sediment above the levels of quantification, and in greenhouse studies effectively controlled three species of aquatic weeds at relatively low rates.(PDF contains 6 pages.

AM fungal colonization minimizes disease damage on tomato during later life stages while delaying fruit development

Beneficial soil microbes, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, can help prepare plants for defense through a mechanism known as priming. Two of the most important unresolved questions in the field of AM fungal-mediated plant defense are (1) whether the effectiveness of priming remains consistent throughout the plant life cycle, and (2) whether the benefit of priming is context dependent. To address these questions, we initially fed Manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) larvae on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants that were treated with either live or sterile AM fungal inocula. We did this during the plants' first two stages: vegetative growth and flowering. We found no significant difference between the live and sterile AM fungal inocula treatments in terms of surface area eaten by the hornworms. This suggests that priming does not have any effect on herbivory defense in the early life stages of tomato. After flowering, an unexpected fungal pathogen arose among the plants that precluded the continued addition of hornworms. As a consequence, we carried out a second "experiment" during which disease progression, not herbivory, was monitored during the later life stages of tomato. For this second experiment, we found that plants given the live AM fungal inocula were significantly more resistant to the disease compared to plants given sterile inocula. This suggests that AM fungal colonization does provide tomato with a defensive benefit against disease during later life stages. However, fruit production was significantly delayed in plants given the live inocula, suggesting that the actual benefit of AM fungal colonization to plant fitness could depend on the timing and severity of the disease. Further research on AM fungal-mediated resistance to plant pathogens of varying severity and timing could help elucidate the context dependence of the benefits of AM fungi to plants.Center for Applied Plant Sciences OSU Undergraduate Research ScholarshipNo embargoAcademic Major: Evolution and Ecolog

New and improved demonstrations, each illustrating a single scientific paper

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit